Français : Some of the many known effects of the gut microbiome on diseases of various organ systems are illustrated. References for associations highlighted in the figure that are not mentioned in detail in the main text: autism Parkinson’s, depression, multiple sclerosis [66], drug metabolism, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, asthma, allergy, heart disease, Celiac disease, IBD, and colorectal cancer. dsDNA, double stranded DNA; GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid; E. coli, Escherichia coli; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease (a collection of several intestinal disorders that includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis); PSA, capsular polysaccharide A from Bacteroides fragilis; TMA/TMAO, trimethylamine/ trimethylamine N-oxide.